CCAMP Working Group Internet Draft Zafar Ali Jean-Philippe Vasseur Anca Zamfir Cisco Systems, Inc. Jonathan Newton Cable and Wireless Category: Informational Expires: March 14, 2010 September 15, 2009 draft-ietf-ccamp-mpls-graceful-shutdown-12.txt Graceful Shutdown in MPLS and Generalized MPLS Traffic Engineering Networks Status of this Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF Contributions published or made publicly available before November 10, 2008. The person(s) controlling the copyright in some of this material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process. 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The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This Internet-Draft will expire on September 08, 2009. Expires March 2010 [Page 1] draft-ietf-ccamp-mpls-graceful-shutdown-12.txt Abstract MPLS-TE Graceful Shutdown is a method for explicitly notifying the nodes in a Traffic Engineering (TE) enabled network that the TE capability on a link or on an entire Label Switching Router (LSR) is going to be disabled. MPLS-TE graceful shutdown mechanisms are tailored toward addressing planned outage in the network. This document provides requirements and protocol mechanisms to reduce/eliminate traffic disruption in the event of a planned shutdown of a network resource. These operations are equally applicable to both MPLS-TE and its Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) extensions. Table of Contents 1. Introduction....................................................2 2. Terminology.....................................................3 3. Requirements for Graceful Shutdown..............................4 4. Mechanisms for Graceful Shutdown................................5 4.1 OSPF/ ISIS Mechanisms for graceful shutdown...................5 4.2 RSVP-TE Signaling Mechanisms for graceful shutdown............6 5. Security Considerations.........................................7 6. IANA Considerations.............................................8 7. Acknowledgments.................................................8 8. Reference.......................................................8 8.1 Normative Reference...........................................8 8.2 Informative Reference.........................................8 9. Authors' Address:...............................................9 10. Copyright Notice..............................................10 11. Legal.........................................................10 1. Introduction When outages in a network are planned (e.g., for maintenance purposes), some mechanisms can be used to avoid traffic disruption. This is in contrast with unplanned network element failure, where traffic disruption can be minimized thanks to recovery mechanisms, but may not be avoided. Therefore, a Service Provider may desire to gracefully (temporarily or indefinitely) remove a TE Link, a group of TE Links or an entire node for administrative reasons such as link maintenance, software/hardware upgrade at a node or significant TE configuration changes. In all these cases, the goal is to minimize the impact on the traffic carried over TE LSPs in the network by triggering notifications so as to gracefully reroute such flows before the administrative procedures are started. Expires September 2009 [Page 2] draft-ietf-ccamp-mpls-graceful-shutdown-12.txt These operations are equally applicable to both MPLS-TE [RFC3209] and its Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) extensions [RFC3471], [RFC3473]. This document describes the mechanisms that can be used to gracefully shutdown MPLS-TE/ GMPLS Traffic Engineering on a resource such as a TE link, a component link within a bundled TE link, a label resource or an entire TE node. Graceful shutdown of a resource may require several steps. These steps can be broadly divided into two sets: disabling the resource in the control plane and disabling the resource in the data plane. The node initiating the graceful shutdown condition introduces a delay between the two sets to allow the control plane to gracefully divert the traffic away from the resource being gracefully shutdown. The trigger for the graceful shutdown event is a local matter at the node initiating the graceful shutdown. Typically, graceful shutdown is triggered for administrative reasons, such as link maintenance or software/hardware upgrade. 2. Terminology LSR: Label Switching Router. The terms node and LSR are used interchangeably in this document. GMPLS: The term GMPLS is used in this document to refer to packet MPLS-TE, as well as GMPLS extensions to MPLS-TE. TE Link: The term TE link refers to single or a bundle of physical links or FA-LSPs (see below) on which traffic engineering is enabled. TE LSP: A Traffic Engineered Label Switched Path. S-LSP: A segment of a TE LSP FA-LSP (Forwarding Adjacency LSP): An LSP that is announced as a TE link into the same instance of the GMPLS control plane as the one that was used to create the LSP [RFC4206]. ISIS-LSP: Link State Packets generated by ISIS routers and that contain routing information. LSA: Link State Advertisements generated by OSPF routers and that contain routing information. TE-LSA/ TE-ISIS-LSP: The traffic engineering extensions to OSPF/ ISIS. Head-end node: Ingress LSR that initiated signaling for the Path. Border node: Ingress LSR of a TE LSP segment (S-LSP). Expires September 2009 [Page 3] draft-ietf-ccamp-mpls-graceful-shutdown-12.txt PCE (Path Computation Element): An entity that computes the routes on behalf of its clients (PCC) [RFC4655]. Last resort resource: If a path to a destination from a given head-end node cannot be found upon removal of a resource (e.g., TE link, TE node), the resource is called last resort to reach that destination from the given head-end node. 3. Requirements for Graceful Shutdown This section lists the requirements for graceful shutdown in the context of GMPLS. - Graceful shutdown is required to address graceful removal of one TE link, one component link within a bundled TE link, a set of TE links, a set of component links, label resources, or an entire node. - Once an operator has initiated graceful shutdown of a network resource, no new TE LSPs may be set up that use the resource. Any signaling message for a new TE LSP that explicitly specifies the resource, or that would require the use of the resource due to local constraints, is required to be rejected as if the resource were unavailable. - It is desirable for new TE LSP setup attempts that would be rejected because of graceful shutdown of a resource (as described in the previous requirement) to avoid any attempt to use the resource by selecting an alternate route or other resources. - If the resource being shut down is a last resort resource, it can be used. Time or decision for removal of the resource being shut down is based on a local decision at the node initiating the graceful shutdown procedure. - It is required to give the ingress node the opportunity to take actions in order to reduce/eliminate traffic disruption on the TE LSPs that are using the network resources which are about to be shut down. - Graceful shutdown mechanisms are equally applicable to intra- domain and TE LSPs spanning multiple domains, as defined in [RFC4726]. Examples of such domains include IGP areas and Autonomous Systems. - Graceful shutdown is equally applicable to packet and non- packet networks. Expires September 2009 [Page 4] draft-ietf-ccamp-mpls-graceful-shutdown-12.txt - In order to make rerouting effective, it is required that when a node initiates the graceful shutdown of a resource, it identifies to all other network nodes the TE resource under graceful shutdown. - Depending on switching technology, it may be possible to shut down a label resource, e.g., shutting down a lambda in a Lambda Switch Capable (LSC) node. 4. Mechanisms for Graceful Shutdown An IGP only solution based on [RFC3630], [RFC5305], [RFC4203] and [RFC5307] is not applicable when dealing with inter-area and inter-AS traffic engineering, as IGP flooding is restricted to IGP areas/levels. An RSVP based solution is proposed in this document to handle TE LSPs spanning multiple domains. In addition, in order to prevent LSRs in a domain to use the resource being shut down. In addition, in order to discourage nodes from establishing new TE LSPs through the resources being shutdown, existing IGP mechanisms are used for the shutdown notification. A node where a link or the whole node is being shutdown first triggers the IGP updates as described in Section 4.1 and then, with some delay to allow network convergence, uses the signaling mechanism described in Section 4.2. 4.1 OSPF/ ISIS Mechanisms for graceful shutdown This section describes the use of existing OSPF and ISIS mechanisms for the graceful shutdown in GMPLS networks. The OSPF and ISIS procedures for graceful shutdown of TE links are similar to the graceful restart of OSPF and ISIS as described in [RFC4203] and [RFC5307], respectively. Specifically, the node where graceful shutdown of a link is desired originates the TE LSA/ISIS-LSP containing a Link TLV for the link under graceful shutdown with Traffic Engineering metric set to 0xffffffff, 0 as unreserved bandwidth, and if the TE link has LSC or FSC as its Switching Capability then also with 0 in the "Max LSP Bandwidth" field of the Interface Switching Capability Descriptor (ISCD) sub-TLV. A node may also specify a value which is greater than the available bandwidth in the "Minimum LSP bandwidth" field of the same ISCD sub-TLV. This would discourage new TE LSP establishment through the link under graceful shutdown. If graceful shutdown procedure is performed for a component link within a TE Link bundle and it is not the last component link available within the TE link, the link attributes associated with the TE link are recomputed. Similarly, If graceful shutdown procedure is performed on a label resource within a TE Link, the Expires September 2009 [Page 5] draft-ietf-ccamp-mpls-graceful-shutdown-12.txt link attributes associated with the TE link are recomputed. If the removal of the component link or label resource results in a significant bandwidth change event, a new LSA is originated with the new traffic parameters. If the last component link is being shut down, the routing procedure related to TE link removal is used. Neighbors of the node where graceful shutdown procedure is in progress continue to advertise the actual unreserved bandwidth of the TE links from the neighbors to that node, without any routing adjacency change. When graceful shutdown at node level is desired, the node in question follows the procedure specified in the previous section for all TE Links. 4.2 RSVP-TE Signaling Mechanisms for graceful shutdown As discussed in Section 3, one of the requirements for the signaling mechanism for graceful shutdown is to carry information about the resource under graceful shutdown. For this purpose the Graceful Shutdown uses TE LSP rerouting mechanism as defined in [LSP-REROUTE]. Specifically, the node where graceful shutdown of an unbundled TE link or an entire bundled TE link is desired triggers a PathErr message with the error code "Notify" and error value "Local link maintenance required", for all affected TE LSPs. Similarly, the node that is being gracefully shut down triggers a PathErr message with the error code "Notify" and error value "Local node maintenance required", for all TE LSPs. For graceful shutdown of a node, an unbundled TE link or an entire bundled TE link, the PathErr message may contain either an [RFC2205] format ERROR_SPEC object, or an IF_ID [RFC3473] format ERROR_SPEC object. In either case, it is the address and TLVs carried by the ERROR_SPEC object and not the error value that indicates the resource that is to be gracefully shut down. MPLS TE Link Bundling [RFC4201] requires that an TE LSP is pinned down to a component link. Consequently, graceful shutdown of a component link in a bundled TE link differs from graceful shutdown of unbundled TE link or entire bundled TE link. Specifically, in the former case, when only a subset of component links and not the entire bundled TE link is being shutdown, the remaining component links of the bundled TE link may still be able to admit new TE LSPs. The node where graceful shutdown of a component link is desired triggers a PathErr message with the error code "Notify" and error value of "Local link maintenance required". The rest of the ERROR_SPEC object is constructed using Component Reroute Request procedure defined in [LSP-REROUTE]. Expires September 2009 [Page 6] draft-ietf-ccamp-mpls-graceful-shutdown-12.txt If graceful shutdown of a label resource is desired, the node initiating this action triggers a PathErr message with the error codes and error values of "Notify/Local link maintenance required". The rest of the ERROR_SPEC object is constructed using Label Reroute Request procedure defined in [LSP-REROUTE]. When a head-end node, a transit node or a border node receives a PathErr message with the error code "Notify" and error value "Local link maintenance required" or "Local node maintenance required", it follows the procedures defined in [LSP-REROUTE] to reroute the traffic around the resource being gracefully shutdown. When performing path computation for the new TE LSP, the head-end node, or border node avoids using the TE resources identified by the ERROR_SPEC object. If PCE is used for path computation, head-end (or border) node acting as PCC specifies in its requests to the PCE that path computation should avoid the resource being gracefully shutdown. The amount of time the head- end node, or border node avoids using the TE resources identified by the IP address contained in the PathErr is based on a local decision at head-end node or border node. If the node initiating the graceful shutdown procedure receives a path setup request for a new tunnel using resource being gracefully shutdown, it sends a Path Error message with "Notify" error code in the ERROR SPEC object and an error value consistent with the type of resource being gracefully shut down. However, based on a local decision, if an existing tunnel continues to use the resource being gracefully shutdown, the node initiating the graceful shutdown procedure may allow resource being gracefully shutdown to be used as a "last resort". The node initiating the graceful shutdown procedure can distinguish between new and existing tunnels by inspecting the SENDER TEMPLATE and SESSION objects. Time or decision for removal of the resource being shut down from forwarding is based on a local decision at the node initiating the graceful shutdown procedure. For this purpose, the node initiating graceful shutdown procedure follows the Reroute Request Timeout procedure defined in [LSP-REROUTE]. 5. Security Considerations This document introduces no new security considerations as this document describes usage of existing formats and mechanisms. This document relies on existing procedures for advertisement of TE LSA/ISIS-LSP containing Link TLV. Tampering with TE LSAs/ISIS- LSPs may have an effect on traffic engineering computations, and it is suggested that any mechanisms used for securing the transmission of normal LSAs/ISIS-LSPs be applied equally to all Opaque LSAs/ISIS-LSPs this document uses. Existing security considerations specified in [RFC3630], [RFC5305], [RFC4203], [RFC5307] and [MPLS-GMPLS-SECURITY] remain relevant and suffice. Expires September 2009 [Page 7] draft-ietf-ccamp-mpls-graceful-shutdown-12.txt Furthermore, security considerations section in [LSP-REROUTE] and section 9 of [RFC4736] should be used for understanding the security considerations related to the formats and mechanisms used in this document. 6. IANA Considerations This document has no IANA actions. 7. Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Adrian Farrel for his detailed comments and suggestions. The authors would also like to acknowledge useful comments from David Ward, Sami Boutros, and Dimitri Papadimitriou. 8. Reference 8.1 Normative Reference [RFC2205] Braden, R. Ed. et al, "Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) Version 1, Functional Specification", RFC 2205. [LSP-REROUTE] Berger, L., Papadimitriou, D., and J. Vasseur, "PathErr Message Triggered MPLS and GMPLS LSP Reroute", draft- ietf-mpls-gmpls-lsp-reroute (work in progress). 8.2 Informative Reference [RFC3209] Awduche D., Berger, L., Gan, D., Li T., Srinivasan, V., Swallow, G., "RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP Tunnels", RFC 3209. [RFC4736] Jean-Philippe Vasseur, et al "Reoptimization of MPLS Traffic Engineering loosely routed LSP paths", RFC 4736. [RFC3630] Katz D., Kompella K., Yeung D., "Traffic Engineering (TE) Extensions to OSPF Version 2", RFC 3630. [RFC5305] Smit, H. and T. Li, "Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Extensions for Traffic Engineering (TE)", RFC 5305. [RFC4203] Kompella, K., Ed., and Y. Rekhter, Ed., "OSPF Extensions in Support of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS)", RFC 4203. [RFC5307] Kompella, K., Ed., and Y. Rekhter, Ed., "Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Extensions in Support of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS)", RFC 5307. Expires September 2009 [Page 8] draft-ietf-ccamp-mpls-graceful-shutdown-12.txt [RFC3471] Berger, L., "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Functional Description", RFC 3471. [RFC3473] Berger, L., "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Resource ReserVation Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) Extensions", RFC 3473. [RFC4726] Farrel A, Vasseur, J.-P., Ayyangar A., "A Framework for Inter-Domain MPLS Traffic Engineering", RFC 4726, November 2006. [RFC4201] Kompella, K., Rekhter, Y., Berger, L., "Link Bundling in MPLS Traffic Engineering", RFC 4201. [RFC4206] Kompella K., Rekhter Y., "Label Switched Paths (LSP) Hierarchy with Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Traffic Engineering (TE)", RFC 4206. [RFC4655] A. Farrel, J.-P. Vasseur, J. Ash, "A Path Computation Element (PCE)-Based Architecture", RFC 4655. [MPLS-GMPLS-SECURITY] Luyuan Fang, Ed. "Security Framework for MPLS and GMPLS Networks", draft-ietf-mpls-mpls-and-gmpls- security-framework, work in progress. 9. Authors' Address: Zafar Ali Cisco systems, Inc., 2000 Innovation Drive Kanata, Ontario, K2K 3E8 Canada. Email: zali@cisco.com Jean Philippe Vasseur Cisco Systems, Inc. 300 Beaver Brook Road Boxborough , MA - 01719 USA Email: jpv@cisco.com Anca Zamfir Cisco Systems, Inc. 2000 Innovation Drive Kanata, Ontario, K2K 3E8 Canada Email: ancaz@cisco.com Jonathan Newton Cable and Wireless jonathan.newton@cw.com Expires September 2009 [Page 9] draft-ietf-ccamp-mpls-graceful-shutdown-12.txt 10. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2009 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents in effect on the date of publication of this document (http://trustee.ietf.org/license- info). Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. 11. Legal This documents and the information contained therein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY, THE IETF TRUST AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Expires September 2009 [Page 10]